48 years since Independence: Challenges abound

It cannot be denied that Mauritius has achieved impressive progress over the years. Defying the predictions of Noble Prize winning economist James Meade, who predicted a bleak future for the country in 1961, the ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean’ transformed into one of the highest per capita incomes in Africa. However, as we celebrate the 48th anniversary of our Independence, we should take stock of the numerous challenges lying ahead. This week, News on Sunday proposes a special report on the way ahead for Mauritius while learning from past experiences.

Economy

In 1968, while the Mauritian flag was being hoisted for the first time, the island's economy was anything but prepared for the transition from colonial rule to enjoying its newly-found freedom. Dependence on a mono-crop, sugarcane, rampant inflation and chronic unemployment were hallmarks of Independent Mauritius. From a per capita income of US $ 400 post-Independence, this figure has now reached around US $ 9,600. The country now has numerous economic pillars and ambitions to implement new sectors such as Ocean Economy, Bio-food production, and knowledge-based industries. Among the challenges, is the revision of the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement between Mauritius and India. This single measure threatens the future of the financial services sector as a large part of it is dependent on this agreement.

Social

The sociological evolution of Mauritius happened through the size of its population. In 1968, there were 793,000 persons living in Mauritius, last year, the island's population reached 1.3 million. Standards of living have visibly improved with higher life expectancies for both males and females, (71.7 years and 78.8 years respectively). Free healthcare and improved access to medical care have had a positive impact on the quality of life. Moreover, higher earnings have enabled Mauritians to live better and enjoy a higher standard of living – one of the highest in Africa. From now on, the ageing population is a serious issue which merits proper scrutiny. The number of births is now below the replacement rate which means the population will decrease over time.

Wellbeing

The wellbeing of a nation is gauged by the feeling of security and prospects of its citizens. During recent debates on the law and order issue, numerous observers claim that Mauritius is on a downward slide regarding law and order. In fact, this was one of the shortcomings of the previous government which led to it being ousted. Nevertheless, the situation is a growing concern for the population. Security ranks highly on the list. Another issue is prospects for citizens. Meritocracy and the lack of bias are crucial for the young generation. Legislations enabling equal opportunities and fighting against corruption, abuse of power, and nepotism are an arsenal which can create a level-playing field. However, the perception of bias across all levels of society can only discourage the entrepreneurial spirit of the youth.

Youth

The future of Mauritius is quite obviously its youth. 36% of the country's population is aged below 25. Which augurs well for the future. Mauritian youth have access to free education right from kindergarten to secondary education. Exam fees are free and end-of-cycle examinations are awarded by international bodies, Cambridge SC and HSC. Moreover, the free transport system, despite its shortcomings, ensures that students are able to attend school by public transport. Quality public universities with low fees are also a bonus. However, the openings for the youth once they complete their education is abysmal. Job creation is stagnant with high unemployment among graduates. Added to that, for every three kids who join primary school, only one will complete their secondary education.